Name of the scientific and technical Program:
BR21882024 «STUDY OF BIODIVERSITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR ex situ CONSERVATION OF GENETIC RESOURCES OF FRUIT AND NUT PLANTS»
BR21882024 «STUDY OF BIODIVERSITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR ex situ CONSERVATION OF GENETIC RESOURCES OF FRUIT AND NUT PLANTS»
The aim of the work.
Study of biodiversity and development of techniques for ex situ conservation of genetic resources of fruit and nut plants, selecting of genotypes with valuable traits
Study of biodiversity and development of techniques for ex situ conservation of genetic resources of fruit and nut plants, selecting of genotypes with valuable traits
Supervisor of the Program:
Coordination of work on the Program, which includes 7 tasks/projects, is carried out by the Supervisor of the Program, candidate of biological sciences, Professor Kushnarenko S.V.
More detailed The task of the work (projects).
To achieve the set goal, the following tasks will be solved:
To achieve the set goal, the following tasks will be solved:
Project 1.
Study of biodiversity of pistachio and almond, developing techniques for preservation their genetic resources, selecting and cloning promising genotypes for breeding and nursery.
Turdiev Timur, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor
More detailed Project 2.
Study of genetic diversity and establishment of a cryogenic bank of rare species in Kazakhstan Corylus avellana L., for long-term conservation and restoration of the endangered population.
Kushnarenko Svetlana, Candidate of Biological Sciences, “03.00.12 – Plant Physiology” Professor (Biology).
More detailed Project 3.
Development of highly effective diagnostic systems for apricot and walnut viruses, and studying their prevalence in Kazakhstan.
Galiakparov Nurbol, PhD
More detailed Project 4.
Study of genetic diversity for the conservation and efficient use of walnut genetic resources based on genotyping and phenotyping of fruit quality traits.
Kokhmetova Alma, Doctor of Biological Sciences (03.00.15 - «Genetics»), Professor, Corresponding Member of NAS RK.
More detailed Project 5.
Development of in vitro conservation biotechnology of the pathogen-resistant genotypes of valuable Pyrus species.
Kakimzhanova Almagul, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associated Professor
More detailed Project 6.
Study of biodiversity of the rare endangered species Prunus armeniaca L. and ex situ conservation of genotypes with valuable economic and biological traits.
Romadanova Natalya, Candidate of Biological Science, Associate Professor (Biology)
More detailed Project 7.
Study of genetic diversity and development of biotechnologies for the conservation and use of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) genetic resources in Kazakhstan.
Khapilina Oksana, Candidate of Biological Sciences
More detailed Results of 2023
Work has begun on surveying the current habitats of wild populations and selecting promising forms of pistachio and almond. Research has been initiated to study the genetic diversity of the rare and endangered species Corylus avellana in Kazakhstan and to obtain an in vitro collection of selected forms from natural populations. The development of a real-time PCR-based diagnostic technology for apricot and walnut viruses has been started. Monitoring of Juglans regia distribution in the southern and southeastern regions of Kazakhstan has been carried out, phenotypic assessment of walnut fruit quality indicators has been conducted, plant material has been collected, and the NDVI biomass index has been determined using the portable Green Seeker device. The quality of walnut fruits has been analyzed. Plant material of three pear species (Pyrus regelii, Pyrus ussuriensis, Pyrus communis) has been collected. The genetic potential of disease resistance in Pyrus regelii, Pyrus ussuriensis, and Pyrus communis has been studied using MAS (marker-assisted selection) to identify valuable genotypes for in vitro culture initiation. Work has begun on the selection and introduction into in vitro culture of P. armeniaca accessions growing in Kazakhstan. The habitats and genetic diversity of Hippophae rhamnoides in Kazakhstan have been identified and studied using molecular genetic markers.
Results of 2024
The work on the description and assessment of wild populations current habitats, as well as the selection of promising genotypes/forms of pistachio and almond has been continued. A protocol for cloning promising genotypes of pistachio and almond has been developed. In vitro plants have been obtained, and the micropropagation of pistachio and almond plants has begun. A study of the genetic diversity of the rare and endangered species Corylus avellana L. in Kazakhstan has been conducted, and an in vitro collection of selected forms from the natural population has been established. An efficient technique for cryopreservation of the germplasm of this rare and endangered species has been obtained. A real-time PCR-based technology for diagnosing apricot and walnut viruses has been developed. The genetic relationships of walnut cultivars and forms have been assessed using phenotypic fruit quality indicators and fingerprinting analysis. The quantity and quality of genomic DNA have been verified. Juglans regia L. accessions from the Almaty and Turkestan regions have been genotyped using unlinked SSR loci developed for walnuts. Pathogen-resistant genotypes of valuable pear species have been initiated into in vitro culture. The establishment of an in vitro collection for medium-term storage at 4°C has begun. The process of DNA barcoding and SSR marking of P. armeniaca biodiversity in Kazakhstan has been initiated. Biotechnological methods for producing Hippophae rhamnoides planting material with high breeding significance have been developed.
Figure 1 – Plus forms of pistachio and almond trees (September 2024)
- (a) Plus tree of pistachio
- (b) Plus tree of almond
Figure 2 – Flooded common hazel (Corylus avellana) plants in the "Dubrava" botanical reserve (photo taken on 03.05.2024).
About The Expo
Figure 3 – Juglans regia L. in various populations:
d – Botanical Garden, Almaty;
e – Ile-Alatau State National Natural Park, Yesik; f – Almaty region, Yenbekshikazakh district, Baidibek Bi village;
g – Almaty region, Almalibak (KIZ).
About The Expo
Figure 4 – Natural habitat of Pyrus regelii.
Figure 5 – Population of P. armeniaca in the Bolshoye Aksu Gorge, Uyghur District, Almaty Region
A – Mature viable tree, accession No. 15, with a high percentage of dry branches (45%);
B – Tree trunk with bark damaged by diseases;
C-D – Trunks and branches affected by fungal diseases, lichens, and mosses;
E – Leaves damaged by insects;
F-H – Insects in pupal and adult stages on trunks, branches, and leaves.
Figure 6 – Fruits and plants of sea buckthorn form T-2-82 (2-32) III
Main results 2023 - 2025.
New knowledge about pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) and almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb) diversity has been obtained, modern habitats of wild-growing pistachio and almond populations has been examined, promising genotypes/forms has been selected and described, and a map-scheme of wild-growing populations has been created. Methods for reliable germplasm preservation have been developed, and a cryogenic bank as well as a field collection of promising genotypes of pistachio and almond have been established. Scientific developments on the propagation of selected genotypes with valuable agronomic and biological traits have been implemented in nursery practice for the production of planting material (Act of implementation of scientific developments in nursery practice). For the first time in Kazakhstan, a comprehensive study of the genetic diversity of the rare and endangered species Corylus avellana L. was conducted. An in vitro collection and a cryogenic bank in liquid nitrogen were established for the long-term preservation of this rare species. Primary planting material was obtained in container culture under greenhouse conditions, and a hazelnut mother plantation was established for the restoration of the natural population. Oligonucleotides have been generated for the diagnosis of quarantine PPV virus using LAMP. Amplification products of the coat protein gene of six viruses have been obtained. The coat protein gene sequences of the viruses found in the apricot and walnut specimens has been obtained. The diagnosis of PPV has been optimized by means of the LAMP response. The phytosanitary status of apricot and walnut plantations in Kazakhstan has been studied, virus-free accessions has been selected. The genetic diversity of apricot and walnut viruses in Kazakhstan has been studied. Three prototype test systems for diagnosing apricot and walnut viruses have been created. For the first time, high genetic diversity of walnut populations in the southern regions of Kazakhstan was revealed, with five or more alleles per each of the eight SSR 4 markers. The novelty lies in the identification of two clearly distinct genetic groups and the determination of the most informative locus, WGA276, which opens new opportunities for breeding and the development of adapted cultivars. A field collection (nursery) of walnut (Juglans regia L.) has been developed for scientific purposes (preservation of biodiversity and study of the phenological characteristics of plants in the conditions of the Almaty region) with the assistance of IE "BIOTA". A biotechnology for long-term (–196°C) pear storage has been developed (optimal conditions for cryopreservation of pear explants has been selected). A cryogenic collection of resistant to pathogens (150 pear accessions / explants) has been established. A comprehensive study and mapping of wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) populations in Kazakhstan were conducted for the first time. In vitro collections for short- and medium-term storage were created. A cryogenic bank of embryonic axes and DNA was established, and a cryopreservation protocol for apical meristems was developed. For the first time, DNA barcoding and SSR analysis of populations were carried out, and their genetic diversity was assessed. The plants obtained from in vitro shoots were successfully grown to the seedling stage and reintroduced into their natural habitats. Ex situ collections (in vitro collections, field collections) of valuable forms of sea buckthorn has been created to preserve the biodiversity of the species in places of natural growth. Two patents for sea buckthorn genotypes with valuable economic traits for commercial use has been obtained
New knowledge about pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) and almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb) diversity has been obtained, modern habitats of wild-growing pistachio and almond populations has been examined, promising genotypes/forms has been selected and described, and a map-scheme of wild-growing populations has been created. Methods for reliable germplasm preservation have been developed, and a cryogenic bank as well as a field collection of promising genotypes of pistachio and almond have been established. Scientific developments on the propagation of selected genotypes with valuable agronomic and biological traits have been implemented in nursery practice for the production of planting material (Act of implementation of scientific developments in nursery practice). For the first time in Kazakhstan, a comprehensive study of the genetic diversity of the rare and endangered species Corylus avellana L. was conducted. An in vitro collection and a cryogenic bank in liquid nitrogen were established for the long-term preservation of this rare species. Primary planting material was obtained in container culture under greenhouse conditions, and a hazelnut mother plantation was established for the restoration of the natural population. Oligonucleotides have been generated for the diagnosis of quarantine PPV virus using LAMP. Amplification products of the coat protein gene of six viruses have been obtained. The coat protein gene sequences of the viruses found in the apricot and walnut specimens has been obtained. The diagnosis of PPV has been optimized by means of the LAMP response. The phytosanitary status of apricot and walnut plantations in Kazakhstan has been studied, virus-free accessions has been selected. The genetic diversity of apricot and walnut viruses in Kazakhstan has been studied. Three prototype test systems for diagnosing apricot and walnut viruses have been created. For the first time, high genetic diversity of walnut populations in the southern regions of Kazakhstan was revealed, with five or more alleles per each of the eight SSR 4 markers. The novelty lies in the identification of two clearly distinct genetic groups and the determination of the most informative locus, WGA276, which opens new opportunities for breeding and the development of adapted cultivars. A field collection (nursery) of walnut (Juglans regia L.) has been developed for scientific purposes (preservation of biodiversity and study of the phenological characteristics of plants in the conditions of the Almaty region) with the assistance of IE "BIOTA". A biotechnology for long-term (–196°C) pear storage has been developed (optimal conditions for cryopreservation of pear explants has been selected). A cryogenic collection of resistant to pathogens (150 pear accessions / explants) has been established. A comprehensive study and mapping of wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) populations in Kazakhstan were conducted for the first time. In vitro collections for short- and medium-term storage were created. A cryogenic bank of embryonic axes and DNA was established, and a cryopreservation protocol for apical meristems was developed. For the first time, DNA barcoding and SSR analysis of populations were carried out, and their genetic diversity was assessed. The plants obtained from in vitro shoots were successfully grown to the seedling stage and reintroduced into their natural habitats. Ex situ collections (in vitro collections, field collections) of valuable forms of sea buckthorn has been created to preserve the biodiversity of the species in places of natural growth. Two patents for sea buckthorn genotypes with valuable economic traits for commercial use has been obtained
Our contacts
Telephone: +7 (727)394 7553
Mail: svetlana_bio@mail.ru
Mail: svetlana_bio@mail.ru
050040, Kazakhstan, Almaty, Timiryazeva str., 45
