Name of the scientific and technical Program:
BR21882024 «STUDY OF BIODIVERSITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR ex situ CONSERVATION OF GENETIC RESOURCES OF FRUIT AND NUT PLANTS»
BR21882024 «STUDY OF BIODIVERSITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR ex situ CONSERVATION OF GENETIC RESOURCES OF FRUIT AND NUT PLANTS»
The aim of the work.
Study of biodiversity and development of techniques for ex situ conservation of genetic resources of fruit and nut plants, selecting of genotypes with valuable traits
Study of biodiversity and development of techniques for ex situ conservation of genetic resources of fruit and nut plants, selecting of genotypes with valuable traits
Supervisor of the Program:
Coordination of work on the Program, which includes 7 tasks/projects, is carried out by the Supervisor of the Program, candidate of biological sciences, Professor Kushnarenko S.V.
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The task of the work (projects).
To achieve the set goal, the following tasks will be solved:
To achieve the set goal, the following tasks will be solved:
Project 2.
Study of genetic diversity and establishment of a cryogenic bank of rare species in Kazakhstan Corylus avellana L., for long-term conservation and restoration of the endangered population.
Kushnarenko Svetlana, Candidate of Biological Sciences, “03.00.12 – Plant Physiology” Professor (Biology).
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Results of 2023
Work has begun on surveying the current habitats of wild populations and selecting promising forms of pistachio and almond. Research has been initiated to study the genetic diversity of the rare and endangered species Corylus avellana in Kazakhstan and to obtain an in vitro collection of selected forms from natural populations. The development of a real-time PCR-based diagnostic technology for apricot and walnut viruses has been started. Monitoring of Juglans regia distribution in the southern and southeastern regions of Kazakhstan has been carried out, phenotypic assessment of walnut fruit quality indicators has been conducted, plant material has been collected, and the NDVI biomass index has been determined using the portable Green Seeker device. The quality of walnut fruits has been analyzed. Plant material of three pear species (Pyrus regelii, Pyrus ussuriensis, Pyrus communis) has been collected. The genetic potential of disease resistance in Pyrus regelii, Pyrus ussuriensis, and Pyrus communis has been studied using MAS (marker-assisted selection) to identify valuable genotypes for in vitro culture initiation. Work has begun on the selection and introduction into in vitro culture of P. armeniaca accessions growing in Kazakhstan. The habitats and genetic diversity of Hippophae rhamnoides in Kazakhstan have been identified and studied using molecular genetic markers.
Results of 2024
The work on the description and assessment of wild populations current habitats, as well as the selection of promising genotypes/forms of pistachio and almond has been continued. A protocol for cloning promising genotypes of pistachio and almond has been developed. In vitro plants have been obtained, and the micropropagation of pistachio and almond plants has begun. A study of the genetic diversity of the rare and endangered species Corylus avellana L. in Kazakhstan has been conducted, and an in vitro collection of selected forms from the natural population has been established. An efficient technique for cryopreservation of the germplasm of this rare and endangered species has been obtained. A real-time PCR-based technology for diagnosing apricot and walnut viruses has been developed. The genetic relationships of walnut cultivars and forms have been assessed using phenotypic fruit quality indicators and fingerprinting analysis. The quantity and quality of genomic DNA have been verified. Juglans regia L. accessions from the Almaty and Turkestan regions have been genotyped using unlinked SSR loci developed for walnuts. Pathogen-resistant genotypes of valuable pear species have been initiated into in vitro culture. The establishment of an in vitro collection for medium-term storage at 4°C has begun. The process of DNA barcoding and SSR marking of P. armeniaca biodiversity in Kazakhstan has been initiated. Biotechnological methods for producing Hippophae rhamnoides planting material with high breeding significance have been developed.
Figure 1 – Plus forms of pistachio and almond trees (September 2024)
- (a) Plus tree of pistachio
- (b) Plus tree of almond
Figure 2 – Flooded common hazel (Corylus avellana) plants in the "Dubrava" botanical reserve (photo taken on 03.05.2024).
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Figure 3 – Juglans regia L. in various populations:
d – Botanical Garden, Almaty;
e – Ile-Alatau State National Natural Park, Yesik; f – Almaty region, Yenbekshikazakh district, Baidibek Bi village;
g – Almaty region, Almalibak (KIZ).
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Figure 4 – Natural habitat of Pyrus regelii.
Figure 5 – Population of P. armeniaca in the Bolshoye Aksu Gorge, Uyghur District, Almaty Region
A – Mature viable tree, accession No. 15, with a high percentage of dry branches (45%);
B – Tree trunk with bark damaged by diseases;
C-D – Trunks and branches affected by fungal diseases, lichens, and mosses;
E – Leaves damaged by insects;
F-H – Insects in pupal and adult stages on trunks, branches, and leaves.
Figure 6 – Fruits and plants of sea buckthorn form T-2-82 (2-32) III
Our contacts
Telephone: +7 (727)394 7553
Mail: svetlana_bio@mail.ru
Mail: svetlana_bio@mail.ru
050040, Kazakhstan, Almaty, Timiryazeva str., 45
